Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde - 1332 Words

In the novel The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde, Wilde quotes, â€Å"I hope [he] has not been leading a double life, pretending to be wicked and being good all the time. That would be hypocrisy.† Wilde’s quote is indirectly connected to the idea of moral ambiguity that The Scarlet Letter portrays. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s classic novel The Scarlet Letter depicts the actuality of romance, sin, and revenge rooted in the 17th century American society. Strong Puritan beliefs of the characters in The Scarlet Letter created many different forms of moral ambiguity that can be described as illustrating both good and evil. Among the characters in the Scarlet letter with such moral struggle, Dimmesdale is presented to the readers as an outwardly honorable man who is constantly clashing his desires to be honorable and his other evil ambitions. Hawthorne is able to use Dimmesdale s moral ambiguity in The Scarlet Letter to demonstrate human frailty, ultimately sugges ting that hypocrisy results indescribable guilt causing failure to reach salvation. Dimmesdale’s moral ambiguity can be seen from the beginning of the novel. He is a highly renowned minister in The Scarlet Letter who is known to be an honorable man to the public but is privately corrupted. Dimmesdale s worst sin begins at the beginning of the novel during Hester’s trial. At the trial, Dimmesdale tells Hester â€Å"to speak out the name of [her] fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer! Be not silent from any mistaken pity andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde707 Words   |  3 PagesWebsters dictionary defines earnest as â€Å"characterized by or proceeding from an intense and serious state of mind. Which can be considered a pun since thought this play we see the characters being more apathetic. The Importance of Being Earnest is the story of Jack Worthing is the main character and the protagonist of this play. He is a well of business man who lives in the country and is very well respected there. But Jack has a secret he lives another in the city of London where he claims to goRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1750 Words   |  7 PagesSymbols in The Importance of Being Earnest The Importance of Being Earnest written by Oscar Wilde takes place in 1895 and exposes the hypocritical social expectations of the end of the Victorian era. During the Victorian period, marriage was about protecting your resources and keeping socially unacceptable impulses under control. The play undeniable reveals and focuses satire around differences between the behaviors of the upper class and that of the lower class. Oscar Wilde uses comedic symbolism ofRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde975 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Being Earnest is a play written by Oscar Wilde about a man named Jack who lies about his identity and ends up creating huge confusion about who he really is. The biggest notion that appears throughout the play is about character. There are many instances where the characters of the play lie about their identities and pretend to be people they are not. Oscar Wilde does this throughout the play in order to explain how one’s ide ntity can be made up. One is not born with an identity;Read MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde913 Words   |  4 Pagesuntil they feel insulted, mostly due to the fact that humans don’t acknowledge their lifestyle flaws until others make them known. This concept has come to be the brick and mortar of the wry play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde The significance of the notion of being earnest is contradicted in the play, through Wilde’s clever use of words, characters digression of societal normalcy, and triviality of Victorian concepts. Cynical character Algernon asserts that women of Victorian societyRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde773 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play by Oscar Wilde â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest†, Wilde takes a comedic stance on a melodrama, portraying the duplicity of Victorian traditions and social values as the modernism of the twentieth century begins to emerge. The idea of the play revolves around its title of the characters discovering the importance of being earnest to their individual preferences. The author uses the traditional efforts of finding a marriage partner to illustrate the conflicting pressure of Victorian valuesRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1293 Words   |  6 Pagesyourself, many of which was not the must enjoyabl e of ways and lacked some fun that many need in their life. This forced many to split their Public life from the Private one. Written in the Victorian Era, the works of The importance of being earnest by Oscar Wilde, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson ,and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley displays how the characters need to keep be kept their Private lives separate from their Public lives in order to fit into their strict Victorian societyRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1318 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Status in Persuasion and The Importance of Being Earnest Social status refers to a person s position or importance within a society. I have done some research and have acquired information over the way social status is addressed in both the writings of Jane Austen and Oscar Wilde. In the novel Persuasion we can see how the characters go beyond their means to uphold their title and social value. In the play The Importance of Being Earnest we can see how the social rank and wealth of a personRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1364 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to fully understand the meaning of â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† and its importance in its time, one must look at Oscar Wilde’s background in relation to the Victorian time period. Biography.com states that Wilde had a very social life, growing up among influential Victorians and intellectuals of the time. As he grew older and became a successful writer, he began engaging in homosexual affairs which was a crime during the 19th century. He e ventually started a relationship with AlfredRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1382 Words   |  6 Pagesappeared to be strict. The Importance of Being Earnest, by Oscar Wilde, a nineteenth century author who was one of the most acclaimed playwrights of his day, is a play set in the Victorian time period that demonstrates how trivial telling the truth was. Different characters throughout Wilde’s play establish their dishonestly through hiding who they really are and pretending to be someone whom they are not. In an essay titled â€Å"From ‘Oscar Wilde’s Game of Being Earnest,’† Tirthankar Bose describes the charactersRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1243 Words   |  5 Pagesexuberant nonconformist and controversial playwright, eminent author Oscar Wilde produced critically acclaimed literary works that defined the essence of late Victorian England. Posthumously recognized for his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and satiric comedy The Importance of Being Earnest, Wilde initially acquired criticism for his immoral and unconventional style of writing. Additionally, to his dismay, strife followed Wilde in his personal life as he was notoriously tried and incarcerated

accounting standards. Introduction to Accounting Standards

accounting standards accounting standards Introduction to Accounting Standards Accounting is the art of recording transactions in the best manner possible. Accounting Standards are the policy documents issued by recognized expert accountancy bodies relating to various aspects of measurement, treatment and disclosure of accounting transactions and events. Every country has its own standards. Accounting Standards in India are issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). At present there are 30 Accounting Standards issued by ICAI. As of 2010, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India has issued 32 Accounting Standards. These are numbered AS-1 to AS-7 and AS-9 to AS-32 (AS-8 is no longer in force since it†¦show more content†¦4. Cost Concept This concept states that an asset is worth the price paid for or cost incurred to acquire it. Thus, assets are recorded at their original purchase price and this cost is the basis for all subsequent accounting for the assets. The assets shown on the financial statements do not necessarily indicate their present market worth. As such, there is no relationship between depreciation and changes in market value of the assets. The purpose of depreciation is to allocate the cost of an asset over its useful life and not to adjust its cost so as to bring it closer to the market value. 5. Accrual Concept The accrual concept makes a distinction between the receipt of cash and the right to receive it, and the payment of cash and the legal obligation to pay it. In actual business operations, the obligation to pay and the actual movement of cash may not coincide. In connection with the sale of goods, revenue may be received (i) before the right to receive arises, or (ii) after the right to receive has been created. The accrual concept provides a guideline to the accountant as to how he should treat the cash receipt and the rights related thereto. In the former case the receipt will not be recognized as the revenue of the period for the reason that the right to receive the same has not yet arisen. In the latter case the revenue will beShow MoreRelatedIntroduction To Australian Accounting Standards Board1043 Words   |  5 Pages Accounting Abstract Accounting has been playing a very important role in many places such as Australian accounting standards. Australian accounting standards is also developed by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB). This essay will firstly discuss what AASB is, the role and the functions of AASB. And then, following this, the other projects’ role such as Financial Reporting Council (FRC) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the relationship between AASB, FRC andRead MoreIntroduction. Financial Accounting Standards Board Has1013 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Financial Accounting Standards Board has defined the conceptual framework as – ‘A coherent system of interrelated objectives and fundamentals that is expected to lead to consistent standards and that prescribes the nature, function and limits of financial accounting and reporting.’ The conceptual framework describes the objective of, and the concepts for, general purpose financial reporting. It is a tool that – 1. Assists the FASB to develop and create new International Financial ReportingRead MoreRelation Between Ifrs And Conceptual Framework Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Concerned with the complicate situations in financial reporting which leads to conflicts between IFRS and conceptual framework, this easy is going to explore the debate around the purpose and status of IASBs conceptual framework. The first section is about background knowledge. I am going to introduce some context of the conceptual framework and basic conception of conceptual framework: 1 what is IASB 2 what is conceptual framework 3 what is IFRS. These are the basic knowledge whichRead MoreEffects of the Global Financial Crisis on the International Accounting Standards2076 Words   |  9 Pageshas had on International Accounting Standards in regards to implementation and use of their accounting regulations. It also examines The Fair Value Measurement in accordance to the effect it has on the GFC and how the interpretation of fair value is the problem not the method itself. The Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) is also discussed and analysed in terms of it being the dominant theory to justify accounting regulations and standards (Anonymous. 2008a). Introduction Due to the impact that theRead MoreReport : Pakistan And Bank Limited ( Hbl ) Pakistan3164 Words   |  13 PagesName: Demi Chung Executive Summary 2 JB HI_FI Australia and Habib Bank Limited (HBL) Pakistan 3 Introduction: 3 Analyses under the light of accounting standard: 3 Accounting profession: 3 Accounting Bodies in Pakistan: 4 Accounting Bodies in Australia: 5 Analyses under the light of JB hi-fi Australia: 6 Analyses under the light of Habib Bank LTD Pakistan: 10 Reasons for International accounting differences: 12 Religion: 12 Strategies of JB Hi-fi and Habib Bank ltd: 13 Cultural: 13 Hofstede’s CulturalRead MoreInternational Financial Reporting Standards And The International Accounting Standards Board1236 Words   |  5 PagesREVENUE ACCOUNTING ASSIGNMENT 2 – BUSINESS REPORT Name : Jea Sun Lee Student Number : N9558195 Word Count : 1000 words  Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 1.0 Introduction 6 2.0. Research and Evaluation 7-8 3.0 Future Implications of adopting AASB 15 for Australian companies 9 4.0 Conclusion 10 Reference List 11-12  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are a global languageRead More3101AFE Seminar Questions from Seminars 1 6 Sem 1 20151558 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿3101AFE Accounting Theory and Practice Seminar Questions for Seminars 1- 6: Semester 1 2015 SEMINAR 1 - Semester 1 2015 Deegan Topic 1: Introduction to financial accounting theory QUESTION 1 – Question 1.2: If you developed a theory to explain how a person’s cultural background influences how they prepare financial statements, would you have developed a positive theory or a normative theory? QUESTION 2 - Question 1.3: What is a conceptual framework, and would it be considered to be a positiveRead MoreWhat Is a Conceptual Framework and Why Is It Needed1135 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a conceptual framework for financial accounting and why is it needed? The purpose of this essay is to address the definition of a conceptual framework (CF) for financial accounting and why it is needed. The CF can be described as a â€Å"coherent system of inter-related objectives and fundamentals that should lead to consistent standards that prescribe the nature, function and limits of financial accounting and financial statements† (FASB, 1976). This suggests that the CF has a very importantRead MoreThe Importance Of Accounting Standards For Business Affairs1049 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction IFRS is a general global financial language for business affairs that’s understandable globally and comparable across the international boundaries. IFRS initially was formed to harmonize accounting across European Union, but the value of harmonization was so overwhelming and attractive around the world that became a benchmark globally. Importance of Accounting Standards In this assignment I want to explain the importance of the Accounting standards. As the world economy is becoming integratedRead MoreIntroduction. Keeping The Day-To-Day Business Accounting1588 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Keeping the day-to-day business accounting is not just a necessity but rather, and above all, an obligation. Financial accounting seeks to find answers to recurring questions in a business such as, how much was sold last month, how many people have used the services, and how much to produce to meet the needs of the customers. The financial accounting is a method that helps better organize and manage any business. Accounting is the science that serves to organize all the numeric records

The Process of Action Research-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Use of Action research as a Strategy to Promote Social Change. Answer: Introduction Action research involves a systematic inquiry that seeks to improve social issues that affect our daily lives(Strringer, 2008). Action research has historically been associated with the work of Kurt Lewin who had a very unique view on this specific research methodology. His view was that it was cyclical, dynamic and collaborative in nature. It is only through the repeated cycles of planning, observing and reflecting that persons involved in action research are capable of implementing changes needed for social development(Kemmis, 1988). Views it as a collaborative process done by people with a common interest. They also suggest that it is mainly done by participants caught up in a social situation that they desire to improve. The major differences between Action research and other types of research used in problem solving is the intense emphasis on the scientific study which implies that the researcher has to study the problem at hand systematically and ensure that the intervention is guided by the theoretical considerations. A large percentage of the researchers time is used up on modifying the methodological tools that will perfectly fit the exigencies of the problem, and also on collecting, analyzing and presenting data on a continuous cycle basis.(O'Brien, 2001). The unique attributes that make action research stand out as an important aspect is the fact that the people involved are turned into researchers, they learn best and are always more willing to apply lessons learnt, when they do it by themselves. Action research has a social magnitude in that the research occurs in real world scenarios and aim at giving solutions to real world issues. The launcher of the research, unlike the other disciplines, doesnt have an intention of remaining objective but instead he/ she vividly acknowledge their bias to the other participants.(O'Brien, 2001). The process of action research may be explained through simplified models in order to ensure that the steps are well understood for an effective and result oriented process. Many guidelines are available especially for teachers wishing to engage in this research methodology. (Strringer, 2008) In page 4 includes the action research helix commonly referred to as the Look Act and Think model. The model has been used by the author as an illustration for important processes in action research to students. The model is show below. Figure 1: Action Research Helix In the Look stage, information is put together carefully through looking, listening and recording. In the think stage, the researcher analyses the collected data in order to identify the significant and important features of the problem under study. The newly formulated information is used to come up with solutions to the problem under study in the Act stage. The figure below is additionally meant to expand the key processes in figure 1. This demonstrates the Action Research cycle which consists of five steps. Design of the study, collection of data, analysis of data, communication of the outcomes and finally taking action. This is a common process of action research enquiry. When designing the study, researchers carefully refine the issue that needs investigation, come up with a systematic process of enquiry the check the validity and ethics of the work. Figure 2: Action Research Cycle The second stage involves the researcher collecting data concerning the phenomenon of interest. The information is then analyzed to check important characteristics of the issue. The outcomes of the study are then made available to the relevant audiences by use of appropriate media during the communication stage. The most critical part of the action research process is last step which where the researcher takes action in consideration of the outcome of the study. Those outcomes are used to work towards a resolution of the issue at hand.(Strringer, 2008) Action research is performed under 6 key principles. The reflexive critique which ensures that people reflect on issues and processes the judgments are made on clear the interpretations, biases, assumptions and concerns. This ensures that practical accounts give rise to theoretical considerations.(O'Brien, 2001) The dialectical critique is required in understanding the relationship between the phenomenon and its context and also between the elements that are in the phenomenon. Key elements that require focus are the constituent elements that appear to be unstable or are in opposition to the other elements. These are most likely to create changes. Collaborative resource is the third principle which presupposes that every persons ideas are equally important and significant and can be potential resources for creating interpretive categories of analysis, negotiated among all the participants. This ensures that ideas borne from recognizing contradictions between several viewpoints and wit hin a single viewpoint are made possible. Risk is the forth principle key to the changing process, which challenges all the previously established methods of performing things. This led to creation of psychic fears among the practitioners. The biggest fear originates from the risk to ego stemming from open discussions of ones interpretations and ideas. Therefore the initiators of action research make use of this principle to abate others fears and encourage them to engage making clear the fact that they too, will be subject to the same process, and regardless of the outcome, learning has to take place. Plural Structure is the fifth principle which requires a plural text for reporting. There will be several accounts made explicit, with commentaries and a classification of options for every action presented. This report therefore acts as a support for ongoing discussions among the collaborators compared to a final conclusion of fact.(O'Brien, 2001) The final principle is Theory, practice and Transformation. Theory informs practice, and then practice refines theory, in a very continuous transformation. In most cases, peoples actions are always based upon held assumptions and theories. It is however up to the researchers to make theoretical justifications precise for the actions taken and to question the grounds for those justifications. Practical applications that follow are subjected to further analysis in a transformative cycle which continuously keeps alternating the emphasis between theory and practice. Key assumptions Several assumptions are made during action research. Systematic reflexitivity is the constant analysis of a persons theoretical and methodological presuppositions which enables him to acknowledge the importance of other peoples definition of theirs. Ontology on the other hand involves the assumptions that constitute social reality and the value implications enjoined in those assumptions. It is however not easy to characterize the ontological assumptions involved in action research, considering that action research has developed in various ways with enormous differences in basic assumptions.(Nielsen, 2004). Having been the first person to use the concept of action research,(lewin, 1946)s scientific background was an important attribute to the objectification that is found in experimental social research like the one practiced in the Hawthorne experiments. The major element in the reports of Hawthornes experiments known as bias and later named as Hawthorne effect was the actual and real result in Action research. The researchers therefore influenced the field and pushed it further to a humanizing direction. Lewin therefore viewed the influence of the researchers as something productive in the process of creating knowledge. The answers to experimental social science were that Lewin considers the field as some sort of permanent social change. He also believed that objectification in social science was incremental in the authoritarian and undemocratic social orientations in contemporary modern societies. He was convinced enough that an organizational and cultural reorientation whose intenti on was to assign to people and workers more responsibility was a very important remedy to authoritarian and that action research could play a part in reorientation towards a democratic society.(Nielsen, 2004) Creating social responsibility on the shop floor or in the street through participation was a key guideline for Lewin in his experiments. He proved that one cant find objective laws on behavior in groups that could be restructured via democratic and responsibility building. This very attitude acted as a guide in his understanding of the research process. It should therefore lay out a democratic process where the researcher acknowledges and shares information with practitioners in the formulation of problems and solutions. A researcher who tries to establish neutrality and independence can never get to his goal. This is because the researcher will always find himself in the same ontological condition as everyone else. Relationships between people are built on invitation and requests to do something together hence this are the same principle that we find in classical hermeneutic sociology such as Max Webers. He understands that a researcher is obliged to share his intentional meanings and values to the actor. Interactive relations are however rooted in shared values and connected with intentional orientation. However in contrast to Webers and hermeneutic sociology, Skjervheim denies the need for attempting to reduce neutrality or reduce the commitment. (S.C.Hine, 2013) In classical controlled experiments, especially in qualitative research interviews or in surveys, the researcher attempts to come up with situations which only make sense due to the researchers project. What is mainly investigated in such a case is a frozen reality, only sustainable to the needs of a researcher. Most types of action research follow the ontological assumption. Critical theories that are closer to Marx regarding the interpretation of strengths of social structures whereas pragmatists are closer to Skjervheim in his interpretations of the possibilities of democratic changes within the existing social structures. In the critical theory, nature relation is part of some normative ontology. In the concept of a participatory worldview Peter Reason tries to look for a more elaborative normative set up to both natural and social surrounding.(lewin, 1946) Epistemology is another assumption that requires to be made in Action research. Epistemology simply refers to the theories and assumptions that are concerned with the creation of knowledge. For any action researcher, this assumption is key to understanding possibilities and the present conditions required in the creation of new knowledge in this unfinished world. However, most of the action researchers would agree on the ontological assumption since in epistemology, there are strong disputes among various schools of action research(Skjervheim, 1957) Action research is massively used as a mode of developing social change. This is through Participatory action research, Youth action research,(Allaman, Dec 17, 2012). Participatory action research (PAR) is the process of investigating meaningful social topics; participate in research in order to understand the root causes of problems that directly impact people then take action to influence policies through the dissemination of the findings to the policy makers and stake holders. (Allaman, Dec 17, 2012) . PAR therefore promotes youths involvement in the activities of the community and leadership skills development is enhanced. It also puts great emphasis on the development of young peoples knowledge, skills and abilities to be competent in solving issues of importance to them and speed up positive changes among their peers. Youth participatory action research (YAR) is a tool that is used to catalyze youths involvement in social movements that could generate modified enthusiasm for social change and also create new opportunities for youth leadership. Young and old Educators, philanthropists, activists and community leaders work together n PAR projects but YPAR only employs a youth development lens to certain that the young people have a direct role in deciding on policies that have an impact on them.(Allaman, Dec 17, 2012) In YPAR projects, the youth help determine the issues that are deemed to be important to them and the community at large. Adults play a role of instilling unique skills in youths required to understand and address issues accordingly. PAR plays a role of integrating research and action and is significant in working with the youth who show interest in broad issues and are interested in identifying the specific pathways to action. There has to be clearly defined goals and objectives for this process to be worthwhile. Through the research process, the youths who participate get to learn how to make claims and create new knowledge about existing social conditions. YPAR leads to significant social change through actions that vary from educational outreach to political lobbying. Conducting research using qualitative and quantitative data collection methods as well as critical analysis helps the young people to form their very own opinions about different issues. With adult mentorship, youths gain concrete skills and reasonable access to networks which can be used to develop their career and expand their leadership. YPAR also increases the diversity of youth participation in that it enables generation of involvement from a huge cross-section of young people when youth give opinions that represent their peers. It also leads to mobilization of youths every time they see their peers with leadership positions. It improves the civic efficacy of the youth as the youth researchers that come from different backgrounds become informed, more important and involved in matters democracy. When youth discover that their inputs are valued and considered, they get more encouraged to participate in matters that lead to development of the community, hence the nation at large. In order to make the most benefit out of PAR initiatives, one should be expectant of the following challenges. One should expect some tension and dilemma to arise and inadequacy of resources for various programs. However this should not lead to withdrawal from the attempt to make a better social environment. References Allaman, C. B. (Dec 17, 2012). How participatory action research can promote social change and help youth development. The Kinder and Braver world project. Ferrance, E. (2000). ACTION RESEARCH. New York: LAB. I.Susman, G. (1983). Action Research:A socialtechnical Systems Perspective. london: Sage publishers. Kemmis, S. M. (1988). The Action Research planner. Geelong,Australia: Deakin University Press. lewin, K. (1946). Action Research and Minority problems. Journal of Social issues, 34-46. Marx, K. (1969). Das Kapital.Kritik der politischen okonomie. Berlin: Dietz Verlag. Nielsen, K. A. (2004). Methodologies in Action Research. Action Research and Critical Theory. O'Brien, R. (2001). An Overview of the methodological Approach of Action Research. Brazil: Faculty of Information studies,University of Toronto. S.C.Hine, G. (2013). The importance of action research in teacher education programs (23(2) Special Issue ed.). Australia: The University of Notre Dame Australia. Skjervheim, H. (1957). Deltaker og Tilskodar. Oslo: Oslo University Press. Strringer, E. (2008). Action Research in Education (2nd ed.). New jersey: Pearson publishers. Participatory action research in local development: an opportunity for social work Nico Bortoletto European Journal of Social Work. Jul 2017, Vol. 20, No. 4: 484-496 Crossref Food justice youth development: using Photovoice to study urban school food systems Krista Harper,Catherine Sands,Diego Angarita Horowitz,Molly Totman,Monica Maitn,Jonell Sostre Rosado,Jazmin Colon,Nick Alger Local Environment. Jul 2017, Vol. 22, No. 7: 791-808 Que Luchen por sus Intereses(To Fight for Your Interests): Unearthing Critical Counter-Narratives of Spanish-Speaking Immigrant Parents Kevin Roxas,Maria L. Gabriel Journal of Latinos and Education. Jul 2017, Vol. 16, No. 3: 243-262 Viewing Gendered Violence in Guatemala Through Photovoice Lynne Duffy Violence Against Women. Jun 2017, Vol. 7: 107780121770805 Editors? Notes Kyung-Hwa Yang,Randee Lipson Lawrence New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education. Jun 2017, Vol. 2017, No. 154: 5-8 Moving from Pictures to Social Action: An Introduction to Photovoice as a Participatory Action Tool Susan Mayfield-Johnson,James Butler New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education. Jun 2017, Vol. 2017, No. 154: 49-5